Ukraine Destroys Russian T-72 and T-80 Tanks: Are Heavy Armored Tanks Becoming Obsolete?

Kyiv/Moscow: In a striking demonstration of modern warfare, Ukrainian forces have effectively neutralized Russian T-72 and T-80 tanks on the battlefield, raising questions about the future relevance of traditional armored warfare. Across conflict zones in Ukraine, destroyed Russian tanks litter the frontline, as drones and other unmanned systems prove increasingly deadly against heavy armor.

According to Defense Express, Russian military analysts are shifting focus from investing heavily in tanks and attack helicopters to deploying unmanned aerial systems (UAS) at scale. A report by the Moscow-based Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (CAST) warns that the era of massive armored units may be coming to an end, and that drones now play a decisive role on the battlefield.

Why Russian Tanks Are Failing in Ukraine
CAST highlights several factors behind the vulnerability of Russian tanks, most notably the widespread use of AI-enabled drones. These low-cost drones inflict significant damage on expensive tanks, challenging conventional assumptions about armored warfare. The report urges Russian forces to move away from the mindset that “tanks alone will determine battlefield outcomes” and instead focus on countering drone threats to maintain control over contested areas.

CAST Recommendations for the Russian Military
The report notes the failure of Russia’s next-generation tank programs, including Object 195 and Armata, leaving the military dependent on modernized versions of older models such as the T-72 and T-80. CAST suggests that the changing dynamics of modern warfare may render investment in costly platforms like attack helicopters and heavy artillery less effective, especially against coordinated drone swarms.

Implications for India
India closely monitors the performance of Russian weapon systems in Ukraine, as its armored forces largely rely on Russian platforms. India’s fleet includes roughly 1,300 T-90 Bhishma main battle tanks (MBTs) and 2,400–2,500 T-72 Ajeya tanks. The T-72s, over 40 years old, have shown limitations in prolonged combat, prompting India to upgrade engines and integrate advanced T-90 variants.

• T-90 Bhishma: India’s primary MBT, equipped with digital ballistic computers, automatic target trackers, and advanced thermal imaging in the Mk.3 variant.
• T-72 Ajeya: The most reliable and numerous tank in India’s arsenal, undergoing phased upgrades and engine modernization under a $248 million deal with Russia.

India is also developing indigenous armored solutions, including the Future Ready Combat Vehicle (FRCV) program to eventually replace the T-72 fleet and the lighter Zorawar tank for high-altitude operations along the China border. The Ukraine conflict underscores the evolving threat environment and the need for both modernization and indigenization in armored warfare.