China Launches Pakistan’s Fourth Hangor-Class Submarine ‘Ghazi’; Raises Strategic Concerns for India

Islamabad: China has completed the construction of Pakistan Navy’s fourth Hangor-class submarine, named Ghazi, marking a significant milestone in Islamabad’s naval modernization program. The submarine was launched from the Shuangliu base in Wuhan on Wednesday, according to the Pakistan Navy. Officials stated that the deployment would help maintain stability in the region.

Under a defense agreement between Pakistan and China, eight Hangor-class submarines are being acquired. Four of these are being built in China, while the remaining four will be constructed at Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited in Pakistan.

Advanced Capabilities

The Pakistan Navy described the launch of Ghazi as a critical step in strengthening its maritime capabilities. All four submarines built in China are undergoing rigorous sea trials and are in the final stages of delivery. Equipped with advanced weapons and sensors, these diesel-electric attack submarines feature an Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, allowing them to remain submerged for extended periods. The Hangor-class is the export variant of China’s Type 039 Yuan-class submarine.

Strategic Implications Amid India-Pakistan Tensions

The acquisition comes at a time of heightened tensions between India and Pakistan. In May this year, the two countries engaged in four days of intense military skirmishes involving fighter jets, artillery, missiles, and drones. Following these clashes, Pakistan has accelerated its efforts to strengthen its armed forces, with China serving as a major arms supplier. Between 2020 and 2024, Pakistan procured nearly 60% of China’s arms exports.

The addition of the Ghazi submarine enhances Pakistan’s undersea warfare capabilities, posing a strategic challenge to India’s naval operations in the region.