Great Indian Bustard Population in Jaisalmer Surges from 128 to 198, Marking a Major Conservation Success

A remarkable conservation milestone has been achieved for the Great Indian Bustard (GIB), the state bird of Rajasthan. According to the latest nationwide scientific survey conducted between April 7–17, 2025, the number of GIBs in the Jaisalmer region has increased from 128 in 2017 to 198. Experts say this significant rise, despite persistent threats such as high-voltage power lines, is a testament to the success of dedicated protection efforts.

The survey, spanning nearly 22,000 square kilometers around Jaisalmer, involved over 200 scientists, volunteers, and forest officials operating in more than 50 specialized teams over 10 days. Using modern scientific methods, the team confirmed that targeted policies, technology, and teamwork can help revive species on the brink of extinction.

Distribution and Breeding Centers

Of the total, 130 GIBs were recorded in the wild, across the Desert National Park, open landscapes, and the Pokhran army firing range. While the increase from 128 to 130 in open areas may seem modest, experts emphasize that maintaining and slightly boosting numbers amid constant threats is a significant achievement.

The most remarkable growth was observed in Jaisalmer’s breeding centers at Ramdevra and Sam, where 68 birds were recorded—up from zero in 2017. These captive-bred birds serve as an “insurance population,” providing a safeguard for the species should numbers decline in the wild.

Captive Breeding: A Lifeline

This success stems from the joint captive-breeding program run by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the Rajasthan Forest Department. Eggs were carefully collected from the wild, hatched under controlled conditions, and chicks were reared with scientific supervision, proper nutrition, and safety measures. These efforts have substantially increased survival rates and created a sustainable population that can eventually be reintroduced into the wild.

Scientific Method Ensures Accurate Counts

Unlike earlier “waterhole” counts, which risked double-counting or missing birds, the 2025 survey used the internationally recognized “Occupancy and Distance Sampling” technique. The area was divided into blocks, with transect lines established to record bird presence and distance, producing statistically reliable data. This approach confirms that the figure of 198 GIBs is scientifically accurate and credible.

Jaisalmer: A Global Hub for GIB Conservation

Dr. Sutirtha Dutta, coordinator of the GIB breeding center, notes that nearly 70% of the world’s Great Indian Bustards reside in Jaisalmer. B.M. Gupta, Deputy Conservator of Desert National Park, says the survey proves that the region’s ecosystem remains favorable for the species. While challenges persist, coordinated efforts are yielding positive results.

Remaining Threats

Despite population growth, risks remain. High-voltage power lines continue to pose the greatest danger due to the bird’s size and limited peripheral vision. Stray dogs near the Desert National Park also threaten eggs and chicks, with occasional nest attacks reported. While the Supreme Court has directed underground cabling in several areas, progress remains incomplete.

Soft Release: Preparing Birds for the Wild

The next step involves “soft releases” from breeding centers, gradually acclimating captive-bred birds to open habitats. Special enclosures will teach them to fly, forage, and evade predators. Experts estimate that if successful, the wild GIB population could surpass 250 in the next five years—a goal made plausible by the journey from 128 to 198 birds.

A Beacon of Hope

Once on the brink of extinction, the Great Indian Bustard now symbolizes the power of scientific thinking, coordinated efforts, and perseverance. Jaisalmer’s desert, long known for its boundaries, is increasingly recognized as a stronghold for biodiversity. The figure 198 is more than a statistic—it represents hope, resilience, and the message that with commitment, nature can be given a second chance.