Eco-Friendly Detergents Can Reduce Foam in Delhi’s Yamuna: TERI Report

The persistent foam problem in the Yamuna River can be effectively addressed by using eco-friendly, plant-based detergents. According to a report by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), these environmentally safe products are made from natural ingredients like coconut and corn, and utilize natural enzymes for cleaning.

Lack of Transparency in Regular Detergents
The report highlights that most detergent manufacturers do not disclose the complete list of ingredients. Market analysis indicates that conventional detergents are largely phosphate- and sulfate-based—both of which pose serious environmental risks. TERI tested 11 major detergent brands as part of its study.

High Levels of Harmful Agents Found
The study revealed that some detergents contain foam-producing agents ranging from 10.10% to 21.13%, which are harmful to aquatic life. Phosphates were detected in three out of the 11 detergents tested, which can lead to fish deaths. Additionally, non-water-soluble minerals such as calcite, kaolin, and pyrophyllite were found in 10 of the 11 samples, ranging from 3.10% to 33.35%.

Contributing to Flood Risks
These minerals settle on the riverbed, reducing its depth and increasing flood risks. While regular detergents cost between ₹70 and ₹190 per kilogram, eco-friendly alternatives range from ₹200 to ₹400 per kilogram.

Need for Awareness and Support
TERI emphasizes that public awareness of eco-friendly detergents is low. Campaigns to educate citizens, alongside support for sustainable products, are crucial. The foam problem is not limited to the Yamuna; rivers worldwide face similar challenges.

Sources of Pollution
Detergents used in households reach rivers through drains, while laundry clusters and dhobi ghats also discharge untreated detergent-laden water directly into the Yamuna. Key hotspots include Akshardham, Khichripur, and Railway Colony dhobi ghats, which channel wastewater into drains such as Ganesh Nagar, Shahdara, and 12A, exacerbating the problem.

Call for Strict Monitoring
Experts have repeatedly stated that detergents are a major cause of foam in the Yamuna. In June 2021, the Delhi government issued BIS standards for the sale, storage, transportation, and marketing of soaps and detergents, with prohibitions on non-standard products. However, limited enforcement has allowed the problem to persist for nearly five years. DPCC’s recent monthly water reports of the Yamuna have also started detecting phosphates and ammonium nitrate, highlighting the need for stringent monitoring and enforcement to achieve meaningful solutions.