Burning Bangladesh Poses India’s Biggest Strategic Challenge Since 1971: Five Major Crises

New Delhi: India faces its most severe diplomatic and strategic challenge since the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. The escalating crisis in Bangladesh, marked by political instability and rising violence, threatens India’s security, regional influence, and the well-being of minorities in the neighboring country. A parliamentary committee led by Congress MP Shashi Tharoor has identified five critical crises India must contend with.

1. Threats to Minority Communities

The committee report highlights that the decline of the Awami League, rise of youth-led nationalism, increasing Islamic influence, and growing Chinese and Pakistani presence have created a turning point in Bangladesh. Minority communities, particularly Hindus, are bearing the brunt of violence. Recent attacks include the brutal killing of a 75-year-old Hindu freedom fighter and his 60-year-old wife. Official data recorded 2,446 attacks on minorities up to 18 May 2025, with the actual number likely higher. The Indian government has repeatedly expressed concern, but the Mohammad Yunus government has largely ignored the warnings.

2. Political Upheaval and Governance Crisis

Significant changes in Bangladesh’s political landscape are deepening the crisis. The emergence of a new student political organization under the National Citizen Party, the renewed registration of Jamaat-e-Islami, and the banning of the Awami League from elections are developments that challenge India’s diplomatic strategies and create uncertainty in bilateral relations.

3. Growing Chinese Influence

India is wary of Bangladesh’s potential inclusion in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which could increase Chinese leverage in the region. China has invested $370 million to expand Mongla Port, prompting India to invest in the Chattogram-Mongla railway line and secure agreements for port usage. Reports also suggest China may shelter ULFA chief Paresh Baruah in Dhaka under the direction of Pakistan and Bangladeshi hardline elements, raising regional security concerns.

4. Challenges Posed by Sheikh Hasina’s Presence in India

Former Prime Minister and Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina currently resides in India after being ousted. While India has clarified that she cannot engage in Bangladeshi politics from Indian soil, the current Bangladeshi government uses her as a scapegoat to deflect from internal weaknesses and foment anti-India sentiment.

5. Threat to India’s Internal Security

The turmoil in Bangladesh has implications beyond diplomacy. The Mohammad Yunus government has become a platform for anti-India forces, particularly through increased ISI activity, providing safe havens for terrorists and extremist groups. Recent threats and rising violence in Bangladesh indicate that these groups are emboldened, directly impacting India’s national security.

Conclusion: The parliamentary report warns that India faces a multi-dimensional challenge requiring urgent strategic, diplomatic, and security measures. Stabilizing Bangladesh is essential not only for regional peace but also for safeguarding India’s interests and protecting vulnerable communities in the neighboring country.