Risk of COPD Rises Sharply After 30 — Know the Symptoms Before It’s Too Late

Exposure to air pollution and smoking can lead to long-term lung damage, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) — a condition for which no complete cure exists. Early awareness of symptoms is critical for improving quality of life.

COPD affects more than 3.5 crore people in India and is among the top three causes of death in the country. Despite this, public awareness remains alarmingly low.

Early Signs Often Ignored

According to Delhi-based pulmonologist Dr. Aniruddha Lochan, early symptoms like shortness of breath or persistent coughing are commonly dismissed as effects of ageing or smoking. This delay allows the disease to worsen silently, reducing lung capacity over time.

This year’s World COPD Day (19 November) theme — “Breathless? Think COPD.” — stresses the importance of recognising symptoms early. Timely diagnosis and treatment make the disease easier to manage.

Why Awareness Matters

COPD develops slowly due to long-term exposure to environmental pollutants and personal risk factors. In India, the risk increases significantly after the age of 30, as people remain exposed to smoke, fumes, and pollution for many years. Major triggers include:

• Active and passive smoking
• Smoke from household chulhas
• Dust and fumes at workplaces
• Rising air pollution in cities

No Complete Cure – But Management Is Possible

Dr. Lochan explains that while COPD cannot be completely reversed, it can be effectively controlled if detected early. The challenge is that people tend to ignore initial warning signs, especially in the early stages.

If patients understand what worsens their symptoms and know when to seek medical help, they can significantly improve their health outcomes.

Not Just a Smoker’s Disease

Timely diagnosis is crucial — yet two-thirds of COPD patients remain undiagnosed. Many also fail to receive the correct inhaler therapy.

Although smoking is a major risk factor, non-smokers are not safe. Indoor smoke, second-hand smoke, and workplace pollutants can also cause COPD. Studies show that 25–45% of COPD patients have never smoked.

How Is COPD Diagnosed?

The most reliable diagnostic test is spirometry, but its use remains very limited in India. Symptoms like breathlessness and chronic cough are often mistaken for asthma, especially in women. This misdiagnosis leads to delayed or incorrect treatment.

Living Better With COPD

COPD management is not limited to medicines. It improves significantly when doctors and patients work together. When patients understand inhaler use, nebulisers, and lifestyle changes, treatment outcomes are far better.

Pulmonary rehabilitation — including exercise, breathing techniques, and patient education — helps reduce flare-ups, improves lung function, and enhances daily life.

Setting small, achievable goals and recognising early signs of worsening symptoms can make living with COPD much easier.

Disclaimer:

This article provides general information only. NBT does not guarantee its accuracy or effectiveness. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Please consult your doctor for personalised guidance.