Republic Day is not merely a national celebration marked by a grand parade and flag hoisting; it is a powerful reminder of the day India formally became a sovereign, democratic republic. As the nation prepares to celebrate Republic Day 2026, many lesser-known historical facts associated with January 26 are once again drawing attention — including the fact that India’s first Republic Day parade was not held on Rajpath.
Why Is Republic Day Celebrated on January 26?
India gained Independence on August 15, 1947, but it became a true republic only after the Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950. Although the Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, January 26 was chosen as its enforcement date to honour the Purna Swaraj Declaration of 1930, when the Indian National Congress resolved to demand complete independence from British rule.
On January 26, 1950, India replaced the Government of India Act, 1935, with its own Constitution and officially declared itself a sovereign, democratic republic. Dr. Rajendra Prasad took oath as the first President of India, and the national flag was unfurled amid a 21-gun salute, marking a historic turning point in the nation’s journey.
Where Was the First Republic Day Parade Held?
Contrary to popular belief, the first Republic Day parade in 1950 was not held on Rajpath (now Kartavya Path). The inaugural parade took place from Irwin Stadium (now National Stadium) to Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi.
Between 1950 and 1954, Republic Day parades were held at different locations, including:
- Irwin Stadium
- Kingsway Camp
- The Red Fort grounds
It was only in 1955 that Rajpath was chosen as the permanent venue for the parade, a tradition that continues today with Kartavya Path serving as the ceremonial heart of the celebrations.
What Happens on Republic Day?
Republic Day celebrations showcase India’s unity, strength, diversity and democratic values through a series of formal and cultural events:
- The President of India hoists the national flag at Kartavya Path
- A 21-gun salute is fired in honour of the Republic
- A grand Republic Day parade displays India’s military might, featuring the Army, Navy and Air Force
- Advanced defence equipment, tanks, missiles and weapon systems are showcased
- States and Union Territories present cultural tableaux reflecting India’s rich heritage
- School children perform patriotic dances and cultural programmes
- The Indian Air Force conducts a spectacular flypast with fighter jets and helicopters
- A foreign head of state is invited as the Chief Guest, symbolising India’s diplomatic relations
- The ceremony concludes with the National Anthem
Across the country, schools, colleges, government offices and institutions also organize flag-hoisting ceremonies and cultural events.
Awards Announced on Republic Day
Several prestigious national honours are announced or conferred on Republic Day, including:
- Padma Awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri)
- Bharat Ratna (announcement of India’s highest civilian award)
- Gallantry Awards, such as:
- Param Vir Chakra
- Maha Vir Chakra
- Vir Chakra
- Ashoka Chakra
- Kirti Chakra
- Shaurya Chakra
- President’s Police Medal
- President’s Fire Service Medal
- Prime Minister’s National Child Award for exceptional bravery and achievement by children
The Significance of January 26
Republic Day stands as a tribute to the supremacy of the Constitution, which guarantees justice, liberty, equality and fraternity to every citizen. It serves as a reminder that India’s democracy is rooted not only in freedom from colonial rule, but also in constitutional values and the rule of law.
As the nation celebrates Republic Day 2026, January 26 continues to inspire pride, responsibility and commitment toward upholding the ideals on which modern India was founded.
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